Ureteral Replacement In Lucknow (Yang-Monti)

Long-segment defects of the ureter may be resulting from chronic inflammatory disease (e.g. tuberculosis or bilharziasis), retroperitoneal fibrosis, iatrogenic injuries during open or endourological surgery, neoplasms and radiation damage. If the ureteric loss cannot be repaired with intrinsic urinary tract tissues, ureteric replacement is indicated. Various surgical techniques have been proposed for replacing damaged ureters, including the use of synthetic material, free autologous or pedicled grafts . Except for pedicled bowel segments, most of these techniques have failed to gain wide acceptance.

Talk to our Urologist in Lucknow for ureter replacement.

The use of small bowel for ureteric replacement was described as early as 1906 In 1959, Goodwin that reported the use of ileal ureter not only for the repair of damaged ureters but also as for recurrent urinary stones. Ileal replacement of bilharzial ureters was described by Bazeed .

The application of this procedure for ureteric replacement was explored initially in experimental animals . Because the functional outcome was excellent, the technique was applied in the clinical setting.

Procedure

This is the case where the left ureter became obstructed after a complicated ureteroscopy. The patient is placed supine position and a median laparotomy is performed. The paracolic gutter is incised and the descending colon is reflected medially to expose the retroperitoneum. The left ureter is exposed proximal to and away from the strictured segment to avoid difficult dissection of the dense adhesions with the possibility of injury to adjacent structures. A loop is passed beneath the ureter and held up for traction, to facilitate its dissection.

The ureter is transected at a healthy well vascularized segment and freed cranially, taking care to preserve its blood supply. A stay suture is applied which will help later in proper orientation to avoid the possibility of any axial rotation.

A sufficiently wide, properly placed buttonhole is created in the left mesocolon near its base; this site is carefully selected to prevent injury of the mesocolic vessels. With the help of the previously inserted stay suture, the ureter is pulled through this window and laid intraperitoneally.

The intestinal substitute is derived from the terminal ileum; a segment 6–7 cm long is usually sufficient. The main operating room lights are switched off. With back transillumination, the arborization of the blood vessels within the mesentry is clearly seen. The selected segment is further subdivided into three equal parts, with preservation of the individual blood supply

The isolated segments are then separated and the continuity of bowel re-established. The pedicles of the isolated ileal rings are temporarily controlled by a soft bulldog clamp.

Each ring is then cut along its longitudinal axis; the incisions of the most proximal and distal segments are not at the antimesenteric border but close to the mesenteric attachments. The incised segments are unfolded and their adjacent ends sutured together using 4/0 absorbable material. The result is the creation of an intestinal plate of ª2 cm wide and 16–18 cm long.

This plate is then tubularized around a 16 F Nelaton catheter using a continuous 4/0 absorbable material. The result is the formation of an ileal tube with a suitable cross-sectional diameter and of sufficient length. The ends of this tube are devoid of any mesenteric attachments, because of the asymmetric incisions of the proximal and distal rings. This facilitates anastomosis of the tube to the ureter proximally and its antirefluxive implantation in the bladder distally.

An end-to-end-anastomosis is now made between the cephalic end of the ileal tube and the spatulated proximal ureter. The previously inserted stay suture helps in orientation and prevents any tendency for axial rotation. The anastomosis is made using interrupted 4/0 absorbable sutures and stented using a silicone tube of suitable size (10–12 F).

The distal end of the ileal tube is then implanted into the bladder by a nonrefluxing ileo-vesicostomy, using the Lich-Gregoir principle. The bladder is moderately filled with saline solution. Exposing a 4–5 cm aspect of the bladder wall, the incision is carried out through the perivesical fascia, the detrusor muscle and down to the submucosa. The fascial muscular flaps are raised on either side by further dissection using a fine pair of scissors with a blunt tip. Care is taken to avoid injury of the underlying mucous membrane.

The bladder is then emptied of its fluid contents. A buttonhole is excised from the mucosa at the distal end of this trough.

A stented mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis is then made between the vesical mucosal membrane and the distal end of the ileal tube, using interrupted 5/0 absorbable material.

The previously dissected flaps are joined together in front of the ileal tube using interrupted 3/0 absorbable sutures.

Dr. Mayank Agarwal is providing ureteral replacement treatment procedure for people located in Lucknow, Kanpur, Faizabad, Varanasi, Gorakhpur, Deoria, Jaunpur, Ballia, Jhansi, Bareilly, Agra, Aligarh, Gomti Nagar, Golf City, Hazratganj, Mahanagar, and Prayagraj(Allahabad)